Bagian- Bagian Spraygun Dan Fungsinya - Tehnik Mesin Pilih server untuk download Gambar Dimensi Gambar 500 x 600 Besaran Gambar 32.01 KiB Server 1 (446 Unduhan): Unduh Gambar Server 2 (297 Unduhan) Unduh Gambar Lisensi Gambar Gambar bebas dan gratis untuk digunakan ulang. Tidak diperlukan atribusi dan retribusi.

Result for Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagiannya Macam Jeniss TOC Daftar Isi26 Jenis Sprayer Pertanian, Apa Saja? - Jenis Sprayer Pertanian, Apa Saja? - 12, 2022 Jenis sprayer ini relatif lebih murah dan mudah dalam perawatan maupun penggunaan. Akan tetapi, jenis sprayer ini memiliki kekurangan, seperti; hasilnya kurang efektif dan efisien serta mudah rusak. Komponen sprayer yang sering mengalami kerusakan antara lain; tabung pompa, batang torak, ulir, selang, nozzle , kran sprayer, dan tali Teknologi Alat Sprayer Pertanian Fungsi, JenisMar 25, 2021 Alat semprot pestisida sprayer yang digunakan dalam pertanian berfungsi untuk memecah suatu cairan, larutan atau suspensi menjadi butiran cairan atau spray. Alat ini digunakan untuk mengaplikasikan bahan kimia aktif seperti pestisida yang berfungsi untuk memberantas hama dan penyakit tanaman Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya [Terlengkap]Oct 18, 2021 Putri Ruchilika Halo Sobat Tani Saya Putri Ruchilika Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Motor Sprayer Sprayer jenis ini mengunakan mesin sebagai tenaga penggerak pompanya yang berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan larutan dalam Fungsi, Tujuan, Jenis, serta Bagian-bagian Sprayer Depok Feb 6, 2020 Jenis-jenis Sprayer untuk keperluan pertanian dikenal dengan 3 jenis sprayer, yakni knapsack sprayer, motor sprayer, dan CDA sprayer. 1 Knapsack Sprayer Knapsack sprayer atau dikenal dengan alat semprot punggung. Sprayer ini paling umum digunakan oleh petani hampir di semua areal pertanian padi, sayuran, atau Sprayer Dan Bagiannya Macam Jeniss AlvindayuBagian-bagian utama sprayer secara umum adalah a nozzle, b pompa, c pipa penyalur, d saringan, e tangki cairan dan sebagian dilengkapi dengan alat pengukur tekanan serta klep pengatur semprotan. Dari bagian-bagian di atas, nozzle meruapakan bagian yang terpenting. Nozzle Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Terlengkap Catatan PrabawaGambar Sprayer Dan Bagiannya Macam Jeniss Alvindayucom Bagian-bagian utama sprayer secara umum adalah a nozzle, b pompa, c pipa penyalur, d saringan, e tangki cairan dan sebagian dilengkapi dengan alat pengukur tekanan serta klep pengatur Sprayer Dan Bagiannya Macam Jeniss AlvindayucomSep 1, 2014 Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagiannya Macam Jeniss Alvindayu Feb 6, 2020 Sprayer dengan Penggerak Tangan Hand Operated Sprayer 1 Atomizer Hand sprayer 2 Sprayer otomatis Compressed air sprayer 3 Sprayer semi otomatis Knapsack sprayer 4 Bucket sprayer 5 Barrel sprayer 6 Wheel barrow sprayer 7 Slide pump sprayer sprayer dan bagiannya - Macam JenissLalat diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Hexapoda Ordo Diptera Family Muscidae, Sarchopagidae, Challiporidae, dll.... Macam Macam Gergaji ...ada dua macam yaitu gigi pemotong dan gigi pembelah gambar power sprayer dan bagian bagiannya - Macam JenissGambar mikroskop dan bagian bagian mikroskop Macam Macam Mikroskop dan jenis jenis mikroskop fungsi mikroskop dan penggunaannya cara kerja mikroskop 1. Mikroskop Cahaya Mikroskop cahaya memiliki perbesaran maksimal 1000 kali. Mikroskop memeiliki kaki yang berat dan kokoh agar dapat berdiri dengan Jenis Alat Semprot Pertanian - YaleToolsCara penggunaannya pun bervariasi sesuai jenis dan merek yang digunakan, seperti ditarik dengan kendaraan, digendong di punggung, diletakkan di atas tanah, hingga dibawa oleh pesawat. Adapun contoh dari motor sprayer yang bisa ditemui di pasaran adalah boom sprayer dan mist blower power sprayer .PUSAT SPRAYER OTOMATIS JENIS-JENIS SPRAYER OTOMATIS PERTANIAN - BloggerSep 29, 2016 Cara penggunaan motor sprayer bervariasi tergantung jenis dan mereknya, antra lain digendong di punggung, ditarik dengan. kendaraan, diletakan di atas tanaH, dibawa pesawat terbang, dan sebagainya. Contoh motor. sprayer adalah mist blower power sprayer, dan boom II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Alat penyemprot Sprayer - POLSRIAlat penyemprot Sprayer adalah alat/mesin yang berfungsi untuk memecah suatu cairan, larutan atau suspensi menjadi butiran cairan droplets atau spray. Sprayermerupakan alat aplikator pestisida yang sangat diperlukan dalam rangka pemberantasan dan pengendalian hama & penyakit Nozzle Tangki Sprayer 2, 2021 Salah satu bagian sprayer adalah nozzle, yang menentukan karakteristik semprotan seperti pengeluaran, sudut penyemprotan, lebar penutupan, pola semprotan, dan pola penyebaran yang dihasilkan. Nozzle dibuat dalam bermacam-macam Sprayer Berdasarkan Kegunaannya 25, 2021 Belanja produknya di sini Sumber daya alat semprot umumnya dibagi menjadi 4 jenis yaitu jenis manual, baterai, listrik, atau mesin. Dan untuk cara membawanya dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu tipe bahu, tipe tas punggung, dan tipe carry dengan roda.BAGIAN-BAGIAN PADA SPRAYER OTOMATIS PERTANIAN - BloggerSep 29, 2016 Bagian-bagian Bagian-bagian utama sprayer secara umum meliputi nozzle, pompa, pipa penyalur, saringan, tangki cairan dan sebagian dilengkapi dengan alat pengukur tekanan serta klep pengatur semprotan. Dari bagian-bagian di atas, nozzle meruapakan bagian yang semprot hand sprayer SahabatC. JENIS-JENIS SPRAYER DAN SPESIFIKASINYA. Macam-macam Sprayer Sprayer dikelompokan berdasarkan tenaga penggerak dan jenis pompa sprayer 1. Berdasarkan tenaga penggerak. a Sprayer dengan Penggerak Tangan Hand Operated Sprayer Atomizer Hand sprayer Sprayer otomatis Compressed air sprayer Sprayer semi otomatis Knapsack sprayerKetahui Bagian-Bagian Sprayer Pertanian Berikut! - Honda Power Products4. Handle. Handle atau pegangan adalah bagian sprayer pertanian yang berfungsi sebagai pegangan untuk memegang sprayer dan memudahkan saat melakukan penyemprotan. 5. Filter. Filter adalah bagian sprayer pertanian yang berfungsi untuk memfilter bahan kimia atau air agar tidak terhambat saat disemprotkan dan memastikan hasil semprotan yang II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Alatpenyemprot Sprayer - POLSRIsprayer bervariasi tergantung jenis dan mereknya, antra lain digendong di punggung, ditarik dengankendaraan, diletakan di atas tanah, dibawa pesawat terbang, dan sebagainya. Contoh motorsprayer adalah mist blower powersprayer, dan boom dengan menggunakan motor sprayer terutamaPengertian Fungsi Tujuan Jenis Serta Bagian Bagian Sprayer Depok Pengertian Sprayer, Fungsi, Tujuan Sprayer atau Semprot Mar 13, 2021 Fungsi utama sprayer adalah untuk memecahkan cairan yang disemprotkan menjadi tetesan kecil droplet dan mendistribusikan secara merata pada objek yang dilindungi protect.Jual Sprayer Terbaik - Harga Murah Juni 2023 & Cicil 0% - TokopediaJual Beli Sprayer Online Terlengkap, Aman & Nyaman di Tokopedia. Lengkapi perlengkapan pertukangan anda dengan peralatan produk Sprayer terbaik agar memberikan hasil maksimal di Tokopedia. Tersedia berbagai macam produk Sprayer dari berbagai variasi & tipe yang bisa disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan anda. Tentunya anda dapat memilih Sprayer dari ...Sprayer - WikipediaIn agriculture, a sprayer is a piece of equipment that is used to apply herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers on agricultural crops. Sprayers range in size from man-portable units typically backpacks with spray guns to trailed sprayers that are connected to a tractor, to self-propelled units similar to tractors with boom mounts of 430 ...Jual Hand Sprayer Terbaik - Harga Murah Juni 2023 & Cicil 0% - TokopediaLengkapi perlengkapan pertukangan anda dengan peralatan produk Hand Sprayer terbaik agar memberikan hasil maksimal di Tokopedia. Tersedia berbagai macam produk Hand Sprayer dari berbagai variasi & tipe yang bisa disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan anda. Tentunya anda dapat memilih Hand Sprayer dari berbagai merk & bahan material yang berkualitas tahan ...Related Keywords For Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagiannya Macam Jeniss For You

Yuk lihat gambar sprayer dan bagian bagiannya Contoh knapsack sprayer antara lain Merek Bengawan Solo 425 Yoto 16 Hero CP 5 Matabi Berthoud dan PB16. Bagian bagian ginjal dan fungsinya Gambar Ginjal Beserta Keterangannya penjelasannya fungsinya gambar ginjal dan bagian-bagiannya Berikut ini adalah beberapa Fungsi Ginjal Menyaring zat-zat sisa metabolisme dari dalam darah Mempertahankan keseimbangan cairan tubuh Menjaga tekanan osmosis dengan cara mengatur keseimbangan garam-garam dalam tubuh Mempertahankan keseimbangan kadar asam dan basa dari cairan tubuh dengan. A nozzle b pompa c pipa penyalur d saringan e tangki cairan dan sebagian dilengkapi dengan alat pengukur tekanan serta klep pengatur semprotan. Lihat juga soal bagian dan gambar sprayer dan bagian bagiannya B Pada penyemprot gendong dengan pompa hisap tekan yang ditanah dengan penyemprot gendong dengan semi otomatis bagian-bagiannya. Bagian Bunga dan Penjelasannya Sumber. Kelopak bunga atau calyx merupakan bagian paling luar berwarna hijau seperti daun atau kecoklatan. Setiap tipe butiran cairan yang khas dihasilkan oleh nozzle yang khas sesuai dengan. Bagian Bagian Spraygun Dan Fungsinya Tehnik Mesin Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Sel saraf Neuron merupakan unit struktural dan fungsional yang menyusun sistem bagian-bagian di atas nozzle meruapakan bagian yang terpenting. Alat ini memanfaatkan tekanan angin untuk mengoperasikannya. Cara penggunaan motor sprayer bervariasi tergantung jenis dan mereknya antra lain digendong di punggung ditarik dengan. Gambar bagian mikroskop dan fungsinya kami yakin sebagian besar dari kamu pernah mencoba mikroskop baik itu di sekolah maupun di tempat lain namun jika tidak maka pasti kamu sudah pernah melihat gambarnya. Sebenarnya kelopak bunga merupakan modifikasi dari daun. Nozzle Nozzle adalah bagian sprayer yang menentukan karakteristik semprotan. Pada tahap perkembangan sistem saraf pusat five-vesicle stage otak depan berkembang dan memisahkan diri menjadi otak besar dan diensefalon. Beberapa Alat Dalam Laboratorium Beserta Fungsinya Chemistry For Peace Not For War Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Bagian ini berfungsi melindungi mahkota pada saat kuncup. Bagian Bagian Spayer Cara Menghitung Dan Aplikasi Kebutuhan Larutan Pestisida Kaboa Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Kelopak bunga akan membuka pada saat mahkota bunga mekar sempurna. S Ourakuntansi2 Blogspot 2020 10 Melaksanakan Pengendalian Gulma Tanaman Html Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Bagian Bagian Spraygun Dan Fungsinya Spraygun merupakan alat yang biasanya digunakan untuk mengecat. Putri Ruchilika Halo Sobat Tani Saya Putri Ruchilika Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Pada tahap perkembangan sistem saraf pusat five-vesicle stage otak depan berkembang dan memisahkan diri menjadi otak besar dan diensefalon. Pengenalan Alat Semprot Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Pengenalan Alat Semprot Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Gambar Otak dan bagian bagiannyaGambar otak dan fungsinya Gambar Otak dan bagian bagiannya otak manusia Pada anatomi otak vertebrata otak depan prosencephalon forebrain adalah bagian atas dari otak. Lihat Pengenalan Alat Semprot 10 kg Gambar 6. Memilih Alat Semprot Knapsack Pesticidewise Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Memilih Alat Semprot Knapsack Pesticidewise Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Cara perawatan memakai dan menggunakan sprayer sesuai dengan keperluannyaHindari pemakaian yang tidak perlu dengan sprayer semisal mengaduk larutan campuran dengan stik sprayer mencampur larutan didalam tangki sprayer dengan cara menggoyang tangki sprayer kuat Sering melihat cek bagian yang sering rawan rusak segelpacking yang sering aus pengatur kran yang sering kotor dan. Lihat Memilih Alat Semprot Knapsack Pesticidewise Sprayer merupakan alat aplikator pestisida yang sangat diperlukan dalam rangka pemberantasan dan pengendalian hama penyakit tumbuhan. Agribisnis Tanaman Perkebunan Tahunan Xi 3 Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Setiap tipe butiran cairan yang khas dihasilkan oleh nozzle yang khas sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Pengenalan Alat Semprot Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Pengenalan Alat Semprot Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya 4 Fungsi Bunga Dan Bagian Bagiannya Yang Penting Untuk Lingkungan Hot Liputan6 Com. Lihat Pengenalan Alat Semprot BAGIAN-BAGIAN SPRAYER DAN FUNGSI OPERASIONALNYA. Bagian Bagian Spayer Cara Menghitung Dan Aplikasi Kebutuhan Larutan Pestisida Kaboa Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya 02517504679 atau whatsapp. Desain Dan Konstruksi Grid Patternator Untuk Pengujian Kinerja Penyemprotan Sprayer Ngudi Aji Jaka Yuwana Pdf Download Gratis Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Gambar kerangka tubuh manusia beserta bagian bagiannya. Perencanaan Produksi Tom Spray Aerator Untuk Zat Warna Alam Indigo Biasa Membaca Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Alat ini memanfaatkan tekanan angin untuk mengoperasikannya. Sebenarnya kelopak bunga merupakan modifikasi dari daun. Dari bagian-bagian di atas nozzle meruapakan bagian yang terpenting. Demikian Artikel tentang gambar sprayer dan bagian bagiannya, Dari bagian-bagian di atas nozzle meruapakan bagian yang terpenting. Gambar Otak dan bagian bagiannyaGambar otak dan fungsinya Gambar Otak dan bagian bagiannya otak manusia Pada anatomi otak vertebrata otak depan prosencephalon forebrain adalah bagian atas dari otak. S ourakuntansi2 blogspot 2020 10 melaksanakan pengendalian gulma tanaman html beberapa alat dalam laboratorium beserta fungsinya chemistry for peace not for war pengenalan alat semprot 8 alat semprot pestisida yang biasa digunakan petani saat ini laporan praktikum mekanisasi pertanian full perencanaan produksi tom spray aerator untuk zat warna alam indigo biasa membaca agribisnis tanaman perkebunan tahunan xi 3 memilih alat semprot knapsack pesticidewise, semoga bermanfaat. Read other related articles Also read other articles

Back166Size KiBEkstensi File jpgPanjang 540 pxTinggi 720 pxDetail Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Koleksi No. 7. Silahkan zoom untuk melihat ukuran gambar yang lebih besar dengan mengeklik ke arah gambar. File gambar ini memiliki lisensi tergantung dari penguploadnya berikanlah atribut kepada si pengupload gambar atau ke website ini untuk Gambar Sprayer Dan Bagian Bagiannya Koleksi No. 7 Download Gambar

The ULV sprayers are used for aerial and ground spraying equipment that has capacity to generate the fine material Singh and Merchant, 2012.From Biofertilizers, 2021Plant Protection – Current State of Technique and InnovationsHeinz Ganzelmeier, in Pesticide Chemistry and Bioscience, 19992 CURRENT STATE OF SPRAYER TECHNIQUEManufacturers of sprayers have changed their product ranges in favour of bigger and better equipped implements in adaptation to the structural change in agriculture. Germany, which also regulates sprayers, has detailed statistics about this3 Fig. 1. The share of self-propelled and trailed sprayers has noticeably increased over the past few years from 1 to 6 % and from 19 to 29 %, respectively, while the proportion of tractor-mounted sprayers has decreased from 62 to 46 %. Spray tank volumes reach 6600 1, and the working width of some spray booms is up to 45 m. Among air assisted sprayers, types with axial flow fans predominate 56 %. The trend in fan types is towards such with a more horizontal air stream. Tank volumes of air assisted sprayers reach 4000 1, and fans produce an air flow rate of about 100 000 m3/ 1. Survey of the offer for sale of field sprayers in GermanyRead full chapterURL dioxide technologies for active food packaging and other microbial decontamination applicationsChristopher J. Doona, ... A. Shen, in Food Engineering Innovations Across the Food Supply Chain, Microbiological validation of the PCS and D-FENSThe PCS and D-FENS systems use a three-component reduction of ClO2− to rapidly produce concentrated ClO2 solutions with the evolution of copious exothermic heat. As a suitcase sterilizer, the PCS is a modern field autoclave designed to off-gas ClO2 that acts in concert with heat and steam to inactivate bacterial spores and sterilize surgical instruments. The D-FENS, a collapsible handheld sprayer for surface decontamination applications in laboratories, offices, and homes, uses the same reaction chemistry as the PCS, but D-FENS invokes the principles of kinetics control and postreaction dilution to produce relatively dilute ClO2 solutions without concomitant heat sterility with the PCS was demonstrated using live cultures of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores and indicators of B. stearothermophilus or Bacillus atrophaeus. The efficacy of the D-FENS system was validated by spraying the solution onto a representative porous surface consisting of Petri dishes containing agar and Baird-Parker nutritive media supplemented with egg yolk tellurite and inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of Staphylococcus aureus. Plates sprayed with the D-FENS solution showed no subsequent colony growth, whereas untreated plates showed the growth of dark colonies characteristic of S. aureus. In-house cross-laboratory testing of S. aureus dried on metal coupons showed that the D-FENS solution 100 ppm ClO2 inactivated > 7-logs of S. aureus, whereas hydrogen peroxide or ozone inactivated < and < respectively Doona et al., 2014, 2015.Read full chapterURL environmental and social Pedersen, ... Mouazen, in Agricultural Internet of Things and Decision Support for Precision Smart Farming, Autosteering and section controlWith automated section control on the sprayer with GPS on the tractor, it is possible to reduce overlap on wedges when turning of the tractor on the headland. Some studies indicate that the reduced overlap is about 5% for using pesticides HARDI, 2017.Lyngvig et al. 2013 and Petersen et al. 2006 indicate that the reduced overlap from combined reduction on the headland and on the rest of the field with autosteering is about 5%–10%. In real life, the saving potential is probably lower depending on the field shape, size of headland and the field size. Fig. shows the effect from using a section-controlled spraying system. It is assumed that the farmer uses a boom sprayer with a 24 m width. If the tractor and sprayer moves towards the headland without section control, then the boom sprayer will make an overlap as the farmer is unable to turn off the sections individually. If the farmer instead applies seven individual sections on the same 24 m boom with each section that can be opened and closed independently, then it is possible to reduce the overlap to of the overlap without a section control. A 36 m boom sprayer divided into seven sections will provide a similar relative Potential reduction of spraying with section control on the Pedersen Pedersen, 2018. Erhvervsøkonomiske gevinster ved anvendelse af præcisionslandbrug, 49 s., IFRO Udredning, Nr. 2018, Københavns reality the potential reduction in overlap may be smaller than the one indicated here, and the width of the boom will also have an impact on the potential savings as well as the field shape and current sprayers are equipped with a manual section control divided into several sections – in that sense, many farmers already practise a more targeted spraying at the headland. However, by using GPS and section control in combination, it is easier for farmers to make a more accurate section control compared with manual application and regulation of each full chapterURL Equipment for Citrus Peel By-productsYang Shan, Editor-in-Chief, in Comprehensive Utilization of Citrus By-Products, Types and Structures of a Pressure SprayerA sprayer is an important component in spray drying equipment. The liquid material can be stably sprayed as droplets of uniform size and evenly distributed in the active portion of the drying chamber for keeping excellent contact with hot present the most-used pressure sprayers are Monarch M and Spraying S Sprayer The structure of an M-type sprayer is shown in Fig. It mainly consists of a pipe joint, nut, distribution plate, and nozzle. The nozzle is inserted with an artificial gem sprinkler head. An annular diversion ditch is opened at the side of the nozzle. The diversion ditch toward the nozzle has tangential channels composed of four horizontal grooves with various widths and depths on the basis of flux. Four horizontal grooves are perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle but do not intersect at the axis. On the distribution plate, four small holes are close to the relative annular diversion ditches. After the liquid is boosted through a high-pressure pump, the liquid enters annular diversion ditches through three small holes on the distribution plate. It then flows through four tangential channels on the side of the nozzle and is injected tangentially into the nozzle, resulting in a strong rotational motion. The formed annular film is sprayed from the nozzle. The liquid film or filaments under high pressure are split into tiny droplets and sprayed into the drying tower because of the sudden loss of the pressure for completing heat-mass exchange in hot air and dried M-type pressure sprayer.1 Pipe joint; 2 screw nut; 3 distribution plate; 4 nozzle; 5 sprinkler head; 6 tangential channel; 7 annular diversion M-type sprayer with a large flux is suitable for the drying equipment with a large production capacity. Ruby nozzles are utilized to obtain good wear resistance, a smooth orifice wall, consistent spraying status, and excellent product quality. Meanwhile, the large diameter of orifices of the ruby nozzles prevents blocking of the nozzles. Therefore, the operation is stable and the product quality can be easily Sprayer The structure of an S-type sprayer is shown in Fig. It consists of nuts, pipe joints, nozzles, and a spray core. On the spray core, there are two diversion grooves. The axis of the diversion groove has an angle with the axis of the nozzle core. These parts are made of stainless materials. The diameter of the nozzle is generally S-type pressure sprayer.1 Spray core; 2 diversion groove; 3 nozzle; 4 nozzle full chapterURL of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Hussaini, in Integrated Pest Management, FoliarConventional equipment such as high volume sprayers are used to apply treatments, in addition to drip irrigation and food baits or through sound traps Parkman and Frank, 1992. Antidesiccants were used to retard evaporation of the nematode suspension on foliage, and reduce desiccation Glazer and Navon, 1990. Glycerin 10% was the most effective adjuvant increasing survival/activity. Excellent control of Japanese beetle, P. japonica, and the chaffer, Cyclocephala borealis, was obtained with irrigation before application and again within 24 h after treatment Downing, 1994. TX 7719, Rodspray oil, and Nufilm P provided the best antidesiccant activity in the lab, and TX 7719+Blankophor BBH in the greenhouse increased persistence on watercress leaves and efficacy against P. xylostella Baur et al., 1997. Phagostimulants enhanced the efficacy of S. carpocapsae against the 4th instar S. litura larvae on sunflower head Sezhian et al., 1996. Improvements were achieved through optimization of spray conditions using standard hydraulic equipment and spinning disc SD sprayers. The quality of the spray produced should be optimum for nematode carriage to compete directly with chemicals. Improvement in the operation of the disc prevented clumping of nematodes Piggott et al., 1999.Mortality of S. carpocapsae IJs on bean foliage was related to the RH, and a gradual reduction in survival was found during a 6-h exposure period at 80% and 60% RH, and at 45% RH, high mortality was observed within 2 h. The antidesiccant Folicote’ 6% w/w added to the nematode suspension ensured survival at 60% RH, with 38–60% increased viability. At 80% RH, Folicote’ affected a 10–20% increase in viability, and at 45% RH, no increase in survival was recorded. Survival on tomato and soybean leaves was 30–35% higher than on cotton, pepper Capsicum frutescens and bean. At 60% RH, IJ movement ceased within 45–60 min and the nematode body shrank without alteration in pathogenicity Glazer, 1992. Several antidesiccants and adjuvants were tested for survival and pathogenicity of indigenous isolates of EPN without adverse effects Hussaini et al., 2005c, 2005d. Richter and Fuxa 1990 evaluated S. feltiae against S. frugiperda and H. zea in field maize; spraying resulted in 33–43% infection of S. frugiperda larvae in autumn. Spraying at kg/cm2 pressure gave better grade marketable ears, compared to kg/cm2. Adjuvants should not be toxic to IJs or larvae of the pest; the proportion of droplets did not affect infectivity to G. mellonella. SD sprayers such as Micron Ulva+and Micron Herbaflex improved the deposition per cm2 Mason et al., 1998.Fluorescent brighteners were compared with standard tinopal LPW as solar radiation protectants for S. carpocapsae All. Blankophor BBH and tinopal LPW were the most successful UV screens, with 95% of the original nematode infectivity to larvae of G. mellonella retained after 4 h of exposure to direct sunlight. The Blankophors HRS and DML preserved 80% and 85% infectivity, and P167 preserved 70% infectivity after exposure. Blankophors RKH, LPG, and BSU were not effective Nickle and Shapiro, 1994. Foliar persistence of H. indica and S. glaseri, on cotton leaves at RH 57–69% and temperature 27–30°C for 12 h was evaluated and IJ survival was 2% and 6%, respectively. Maximum mortality of 89% and 82% of H. indica and S. glaseri was noticed within 7 h Subramanian and Rajeswari Sundarababu, 2002. Application and delivery of EPNs require improvement for their widespread acceptance as biopesticides, possibly being directly delivered through commercial potting medium and garden soil used in nurseries and greenhouses. Survival of commercially in vitro-produced S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae and H. zealandica stored at 22°C for 2 months was 32% and 23% after 1 month in garden soil and potting medium, respectively. Survival declined below 5% with 2 months of storage. In vivo-produced S. carpocapsae also declined below 5% after 2 months of storage. In vivo-produced S. carpocapsae showed higher virulence Deol et al., 2006.Read full chapterURL R. Schoeb DVM, PhD, DACVP, Richard J. Rahija DVM, PhD, DACLAM, in Laboratory Animal Medicine Third Edition, 20154 SterilizationSterilant can be applied with a hand sprayer, but we prefer a compressed air atomizer such as the model 5870 chlorine sprayer manufactured by Spraying Systems Co. Fig. When equipped with a 500-ml bottle, this sprayer holds enough sterilant to thoroughly wet the interior of a 60-inch flexible film isolator or 30-inch semi-rigid isolator and fill the interior with a dense sterilant mist. We suggest replacing the length of tubing that forms the handle of the sprayer with a 2-inch or 3 × 1/4-inch brass or stainless steel pipe nipple and installing a male brass automotive air hose connector on the nipple and a female brass fitting on the air hose to permit the sprayer to be disconnected from the air hose UAB Gnotobiotic Facility uses the following procedure for sterilizing flexible film isolators. The operator places the sprayer inside the chamber, dons the gloves, and sprays the inside of the chamber, including the gloves, inside the filter nipples, and around the glove rings and the junction of the chamber and port, repeatedly until all surfaces are thoroughly wet and sterilant has begun to pool in the bottom of the isolator. The sprayer is then removed from the chamber. Using a new heavy-duty paper towel or new clean sponge, the operator thoroughly wets all surfaces of the floor mat, cage shelves, and inner port cap with Exspor™ and places them in the isolator. Rubber bands, forceps, and stoppers are dunked in sterilant and placed in the isolator. Some authorities recommend autoclaving rubber items because of the possibility that such materials could be porous and thus entrap microorganisms. This is probably the best practice, but autoclaving can accelerate deterioration of such items, and we consider the risk to be small. Wearing gloves, the operator unwraps the autoclaved cage bottoms and places them in the isolator. This avoids having to transfer cages a few at a time through the port after the isolator is sterilized. The operator again dons the gloves and arranges the items inside the chamber so as to maximize exposure to the sterilant, with the cage shelves on edge, cages separated and set with their bottoms on the floor of the chamber, and the floor mat draped over the cages and shelves. The gloves are left stretched out inside the isolator. The operator tapes the outer cap on the port and sprays sterilant through one nipple into the chamber until it is filled with sterilant fog and fog issues from the other nipple. One nipple is stoppered and taped, and sterilant is sprayed into the chamber until the chamber is fully inflated and the gloves turn inside out. The operator dons the gloves, venting the chamber slightly if necessary, and secures the inner port cap. The port is sprayed and fogged and the remaining outer cap nipple is stoppered and taped. When the job is completed, there should be a substantial amount of liquid sterilant in the bottom of the isolator. The isolator is allowed to stand overnight, then sterile paper towel packs are passed in, as much as possible of the sterilant is wiped up, the Mylar™ film over the filter fittings is torn away, and the blower turned on to dry the chamber procedure for sterilizing semirigid isolators is similar, but incorporates measures to sterilize the inlet and outlet filters, which are not autoclavable. The operator places the cage bottoms and sprayer filled with 500 ml of sterilant inside the chamber. An adapter is installed on the outer port opening that provides a cylindrical opening to which a plastic film outer port cap with nipples is secured with tape. The air hose is inserted through one nipple and taped in place, and the other nipple is stoppered and taped Fig. The operator reverses the blower and turns it on, opens the air inlet damper, dons the gloves, and sprays sterilant into the inlet opening for 60 s. The blower is returned to the positive pressure position and sterilant is sprayed into the outlet filter opening for 60 s. The operator turns the blower off and sprays the entire isolator interior, including the bottom surfaces of the shelves, all corners, the hinges and latches of the inner door, the junction of the inner door with its gasket, the light fixture enclosure, and all surfaces of the cages. This is done repeatedly until about 50 ml of sterilant remains. At that point, the air inlet damper is closed and the outlet air filter covered with a plastic bag secured with tape or elastic cord. The chamber is sprayed until there is modest positive pressure in the chamber, and the sprayer is passed out, the inner door is closed, the port outer door adapter is removed, and the port is sprayed and fogged. The next day, the plastic bag is removed from the outlet filter, the air inlet damper is opened, the blower is turned on, towel packs are passed in, and the sterilant is wiped from the chamber interior. The air damper is opened completely to dry the chamber interior, after which it is adjusted to the specified internal commonly used approach to verifying the chamber sterilization procedure is to take multiple swabs of the isolator interior and culture them using nonselective agar and broth media able to support growth of fastidious organisms. We recommend use of spore strips containing 106 G. stearothermophilus or B. atropheus spores for establishing isolator sterilization procedures. These can be attached with masking tape at various points in the isolator interior prior to application of sterilant. After sterilization, the strips are transferred using aseptic technique to tubes of neutralizing full chapterURL crop productionIn Lockhart and Wiseman' s Crop Husbandry Including Grassland, Crop sensingSensors can be fitted to the tractor or sprayer which record colour and brightness changes as it passes along the tramlines thereby measuring growth indices such as NDVI which can be used to make decisions on the fertiliser requirement of the crop. Passive sensors pick up natural light and the latest technology allows the adjustment of the sensors to take into account light quality, active sensors have their own light source so can work in low light/night conditions. Developments in technology now can use ultrasound and RADAR to determine crop structure, such as tiller numbers or height of full chapterURL house-soiling and marking problemsJon Bowen BVetMed MRCVS DipASCABC, Sarah Heath BVSc MRCVS Dip ECVBM-CA, in Behaviour Problems in Small Animals, up and label three plant sprayer bottles containingA10% solution of biological washing powder/liquid in water*BPlain waterCSurgical spirit* up excess urine and dry the surface using paper towels. Do not soak up urine using the cloth you intend to use for cleaning or wring a urine-soaked cloth into the cleaning bucket as this will spread urine the surface with bottle A biological detergent solution. Mop the surface with paper the surface with bottle B plain water. Mop the surface dry with paper the surface with bottle C and allow it to dry naturally. Do not allow the cat access to the area for at least 30 minutes to allow the alcohol to of paper towels to a dustbin outside the full chapterURL nematodesAshish Kumar Singh, ... Manoj Parihar, in Biopesticides, ApplicationEntomopathogenic nematodes can be applied with equipments such as sprayers, mist blowers, and electrostatic sprayers or as aerial sprays Georgis, 1990; Wright et al., 2005; Shapiro-Ilan et al., 2006. However the usage of equipment depends on the cropping system, area of application, agitation, volume and nozzle type etc. Grewal, 2002; Fife et al., 2003, 2005; Wright et al., 2005; Shapiro-Ilan et al., 2006; Lara et al., 2008. Several biotic and abiotic factors play an important role in success of nematode application. Among biotic factors, the appropriate nematode species against target insect pest is crucial. The nematode species should have high virulence, host finding ability, recycling potential and better environmental tolerance Shapiro-Ilan et al., 2002. The relationship between nematodes and other entomopathogens can vary depending upon the nematode species, relative timing and rate of application. Among abiotic factors, the soil type and moisture content influence the survival, activity and movement of nematodes Kagimu et al., 2017. In general, the survival and activity of nematodes is higher in sandy-loam soils than clay soils Kaya, 1990. Soil temperature can also affect the efficacy of nematodes. However, soil temperature between 12 and 28°C is favorable for nematode application Kaya, 2002. Further, UV radiations are detrimental to nematodes when applied to the soil. Therefore it is necessary to apply nematodes during evening or morning hours. Generally, EPNs are applied to soil at a minimum rate of × 109 IJs/ha or higher depending on the target pest Georgis and Hague, 1991; Georgis et al., 1995; Shapiro-Ilan et al., 2002.Read full chapterURL and management of nutrient constraints in citrusTripti Vashisth, Davie Kadyampakeni, in Fruit Crops, Foliar fertilizerFoliar fertilizer is applied to the foliage using a sprayer. In citrus production, foliar fertilizer is commonly used for applying micronutrients. Micronutrients are generally required in a small amount; therefore, foliar method of application has better tree coverage than granular fertilizer. Moreover, depending on the soil chemistry, granular fertilizer may precipitate in the soil, becoming unavailable to the plant for uptake; hence, foliar fertilization has potential to circumvent such problems. Use of foliar nutrients has been well documented to improve tree growth and fruit quality as well as yields Khan et al., 2015; Razzaq et al., 2013; Ullah et al., 2012. Razzaq et al. 2013 demonstrated that the use of high rates of zinc sulfate not only improved tree growth parameters but also helped in reducing the fruit drop as the foliar fertilization provided the nutrients directly to the fruit site of abscission. Currently, with advent of Huanglongbing, the use of foliar fertilization has become very popular in citrus production see Section 7. Foliar fertilization is also beneficial in situations when the foliage is displaying nutrient deficiency symptoms, as the foliar fertilizer applies the nutrient at the site of deficiency symptom foliage/leaves, and therefore, it suffices the need of nutrient immediately. However, foliar fertilization should not be the sole method of fertilizer application; it provides optimum results when used to complement a root-applied fertilizer full chapterURL

gambar sprayer dan bagian bagiannya